ADJECTIVES
Thursday, October 31,2019
Name: Swatantra Sahu
Subject: English
Course Code: BSC 101
Course Name: B.Sc-B.Ed Integrated
Name of the teacher: Mr. Mahesh Mali
Name of the department: Education and Extension
What are Adjectives ?? Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. For a simple and better understanding Adjectives are often referred to as- ''DESCRIBING WORDS''. . A descriptive adjective will usually fit into one of the following categories:-
. On the basis of how andwhere these words(adjectives)
are used after or before nouns or pronounsor verbs ( linking verbs), the broad spectrum of adjectives are divided into various types, which are as follows:
Category | Example |
---|---|
Appearance | attractive, burly, clean, dusty |
Colour | azure, blue, cyan, dark |
Condition | absent, broken, careful, dead |
Personality | annoying, brave, complex, dizzy |
Quantity | ample, bountiful, countless, deficient |
Sense | aromatic, bitter, cold, deafening |
Size and Shape | angular, broad, circular, deep |
Time | ancient, brief, concurrent, daily |
are used after or before nouns or pronounsor verbs ( linking verbs), the broad spectrum of adjectives are divided into various types, which are as follows:
TYPES AND EXAMPLES
Example 1: An adjective usually comes directly before the noun or pronoun, it describes (or modifies, as they say ). . old man . green coat . cheerful one When adjectives are like this, they are called ''ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES ''.Example 2: An adjective can sometimes not come immediately after a noun, it may follow some linking verbs (was, looks and seems), as per the examples given below, to describe the noun or pronoun. . Jack was old. . It looks green. Note: (Adjectives can describe - or modify - pronouns too.)
. He seems cheerful. When adjectives are used like this, they are called ''PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVES ''.
Example 3: Sometimes, an adjective comes immediately after a noun. . the Princess Royal
. time immemorial
. body beautiful
. the best seats available
. the worst manners imaginable
When adjectives are used like this, they're called '' POSTPOSITIVE ADJECTIVES ''.
Postpositive adjectives are also most common with pronouns. For example:
. someone intersting.
. something evil.
Example 4: A ''DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES'' modifies a noun (e.g.,that dog) or a pronoun (e.g.,this one) to make it specific. The demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these and those.
Example 5: A single adjective with more than one word are often used for describing. The examples are as follows:
. Happiness is having a large, loving, caring, close-knit family in another city. (Comedian George Burns)
. I like the busted-nose look. (Actor Peter Dinklage)
. Be a good-looking corpse. Leave a good-looking tattoo. ( Actor Ed Westwick)
When such adjectives a used, they are known as ''COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ''.
Note : Sometimes some nouns, participles and infinitives are also used as adjectives.
Example 3: Sometimes, an adjective comes immediately after a noun. . the Princess Royal
. time immemorial
. body beautiful
. the best seats available
. the worst manners imaginable
When adjectives are used like this, they're called '' POSTPOSITIVE ADJECTIVES ''.
Postpositive adjectives are also most common with pronouns. For example:
. someone intersting.
. something evil.
Example 4: A ''DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES'' modifies a noun (e.g.,that dog) or a pronoun (e.g.,this one) to make it specific. The demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these and those.
Example 5: A single adjective with more than one word are often used for describing. The examples are as follows:
. Happiness is having a large, loving, caring, close-knit family in another city. (Comedian George Burns)
. I like the busted-nose look. (Actor Peter Dinklage)
. Be a good-looking corpse. Leave a good-looking tattoo. ( Actor Ed Westwick)
When such adjectives a used, they are known as ''COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ''.
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
When two or more adjectives are strung together, they should be ordered according to the following list;Order | Category | Examples |
---|---|---|
1 | Determiner | the, my, those |
2 | Number | one, two, ninety-nine |
3 | Opinion | lovely, attractive, rare |
4 | Size | small, medium, large |
5 | Physical Quality | thin, lumpy, cluttered |
6 | Shape | round, square, triangular |
7 | Age | young, middle-aged, old |
8 | Colour | red, white, blue |
9 | Origin | British, German, Russian |
10 | Material | wood, metal, plastic |
11 | Type | L-shaped, two-sided, all-purpose |
12 | Purpose | cooking, supporting, tendering |
13 | Attributive Noun | service, improvement, head |
Note : Sometimes some nouns, participles and infinitives are also used as adjectives.
: NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES:
Many words that are usually nouns can function as adjectives. For example:- autumn colours
- boat race
- computer shop
- Devon cream
- electricity board
- fruit fly
- Not all face masks are created equal. (Entrepreneur Hannah Bronfman)
- You cannot make a revolution with silk gloves. (Premier Joseph Stalin).
:PARTICIPLES USED AS ADJECTIVES:
Formed from a verb, a participle is aword that can be used as an adjective. There are two types of participles:
- The present participle (ending -ing)
- The past participle (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n)
Here are some examples of participles as verbs:
- The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not "Eureka!" but "That's funny." (Writer Isaac Asimov)
- Always be wary of any helpful item that weighs less than its operating manual. (Author Terry Pratchett)
- While the spoken word can travel faster, you can't take it home in your hand. Only the written word can be absorbed wholly at the convenience of the reader. (Educator Kingman Brewster)
- We all have friends and loved ones who say 60 is the new 30. No, it's the new 60. (Fashion model Iman)
A participle is classified as a verbal (a verb form that functions as a noun or an adjective).
INFINITIVES USED AS ADJECTIVES:
An infinitive verb can also be used as adjectives (e.g. to run, to jump).
References:
https://www.smrtenglish.com